Summary of Product Characteristics Updated 16-Dec-2014 | Omega Pharma Ltd
Adults and children over 12 years:
Not appropriate.Children aged 1 to 12 years:
Oral. One 0.6 ml dose taken daily.Maximum daily dose: 0.6 mlChildren under 1 year:
Oral. One 0.3 ml dose taken daily.Maximum daily dose: 0.3 mlThe Elderly:
Not appropriateHepatic/renal dysfunction
Normal dosage is appropriate.Vitamin A palmitate
Adverse effects are extremely rare at daily doses of less than 9 mg (16363.6 iu).Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) The only known adverse effects of vitamin D occur when excessive doses are taken. Adverse effects are not anticipated at the quantity present in Abidec Multivitamin Drops.Ascorbic Acid (C), Nicotinamide, Pyridoxine (B6), Riboflavin (B2) & Thiamine (B1) These water soluble vitamins are generally non toxic compounds with a wide margin of safety, the excess amounts being rapidly excreted in the urine. Adverse effects arenot anticipated at the quantities present in Abidec Multivitamin Drops.Symptoms and signs
Abidec Multivitamin Drops contains levels of vitamins which present little risk in overdose.Vitamin A palmitate
Acute administration of high doses of vitamin A can cause headache, nausea, vomiting and irritability. In infants acute toxicity can lead to transient hydrocephalus. All these effects disappear within 24 hours of taking retinol. Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)Excessive doses of vitamin D, 60 000 units per day, can result in hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria. Adverse effects of hypercalcaemia may include muscle weakness, apathy, headache, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1) When taken orally, thiamine is non-toxic. If large doses are ingested they are not stored by the body but excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)Riboflavin has been found to be practically non-toxic. Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)Acute doses less than 500mg per day appear to be safe. Excessive doses may lower serum folate concentrations. Sensory neuropathy has been described with chronic dosing of 200 mg daily.Nicotinamide
A single large overdose of nicotinamide is unlikely to have serious ill effects, though transient abnormalities of liver function might occur.Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Ascorbic acid is not stored to a great extent by the body, any excess amounts are eliminated in the urine. Ascorbic acid is thought to become toxic at chronic doses in excess of 6 g.Treatment
Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic.Vitamin A palmitate
Vitamin A plays an essential role in the function of the retina, the growth and function of epithelial tissue, bone growth, reproduction and embryonic development. Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)Vitamin D is a regulator of both calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)Vitamin B1 is essential for proper carbohydrate metabolism and plays an essential role in the decarboxylation of alpha keto acids. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)Riboflavin is essential for the utilisation of energy from food. It is a component of co-enzymes which play an essential role in oxidative/ reductive metabolic reactions. Riboflavin is also necessary for the functioning of pyridoxine and nicotinic acid. Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6) Vitamin B6 is a constituent of the co-enzymes, pyridoxal pyrophosphate and pyridoxamine phosphate, both of which play an important role in protein metabolism.Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide is an essential component of co-enzymes responsible for proper tissue respiration.Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Ascorbic acid is a water soluble vitamin and a powerful antioxidant. It is a cofactor in numerous biological processes, such as the metabolism of folic acid, amino acid oxidation and the absorption and transport of iron. It is also required for the formation, maintenance and repair of intercellular cement material. Ascorbic acid is important in the defence against infection, the normal functioning of T-lymphocytes and for the effective phagocytic activity of leucocytes. It also protects cells against oxidation damage to essential molecules.Absorption
Vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D2 and nicotinamide are well absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract.Distribution
The vitamins present in Abidec Multivitamin Drops are widely distributed to all tissues in the body.Metabolism and elimination
Vitamin A palmitate
Vitamin A palmitate is hydrolysed in the intestinal lumen to retinol which is then absorbed. Retinol circulates in the blood bound to retinol binding protein which protects it from glomerular filtration. The complex circulates to target tissues where the vitamin is released, permeates the cell and binds intracellularly to cellular retinol binding protein. Of the absorbed retinol 20 - 50 % is either conjugated or oxidised to various products and excreted over a matter of days in the urine and faeces, while the remainder is stored. This stored retinol is gradually metabolised by the liver and peripheral tissues.Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)Vitamin D circulates in the blood associated with vitamin D binding protein. It is stored in fat deposits. Ergocalciferol is hydroxylated in the liver and gut to 25-hydroxy colecalciferol which is then further metabolised in the kidney to the active form 1,25-dihydroxycolecalciferol and other hydroxylated metabolites. Ergocalciferol and its metabolites are excreted largely in bile with eventual elimination in the faeces, with only small amounts of some of the metabolites appearing in the urine.Thiamine hydrochloride (Vitamin B1)Thiamine has a plasma half life of 24 hours and is not stored to any great extent in the body. Excess ingested thiamine is excreted in the urine as either the free vitamin or as the metabolite, pyrimidine.Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)Following absorption riboflavin is converted into the co-enzymes: flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Riboflavin is not stored in body tissues to any great extent and amounts in excess of the body's requirements are excreted in the urine largely unchanged.Pyridoxine hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)The half life of pyridoxine ranges from 15 - 20 days. Once absorbed vitamin B6 is converted to its active co-enzyme form pyridoxal 5-phosphate. Muscle is the major storage site for pyridoxal 5-phosphate. It is degraded in the liver to 4-pyridoxic acid which is eliminated by the kidneys.Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide is readily taken up into tissues and utilised for the synthesis of the co-enzyme forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Nicotinamide is degraded in the liver and other organs to a number of products that are excreted in the urine, the major metabolites being n-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and n-methylnicotinamide.Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Ascorbic acid reaches a maximum plasma concentration 4 hours following oral administration after which there is rapid urinary excretion. Following oral administration 60 % of the dose is excreted in 24 hours either as ascorbic acid or its metabolite dihydroascorbic acid. Pharmacokinetics in Renal Impairment There have been no specific studies of Abidec Multivitamin Drops in renal impairment.Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly
Not appropriate.Mutagenicity
There is insufficient information to determine the mutagenic potential of the active ingredients. However very large doses of vitamin C are claimed to be mutagenic.Carcinogenicity
There is insufficient information to determine the carcinogenic potential of the active ingredients.Teratogenicity
High doses of vitamin D are known to be teratogenic in experimental animals, but direct evidence for this is lacking in humans.The teratogenicity of vitamin A in animals is well known, both high and low levels of the vitamin result in defects. But the significance of this for humans is in dispute. Synthetic versions of vitamin A (Isotretinoin and Etretinate) have been shown to be powerful teratogens. There is insufficient information to determine the teratogenic potential of the other active ingredients.Fertility
Not appropriate.Omega Pharma Ltd, 1st Floor, 32 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, SW1V 2SA, UK
+44 (0)203 598 9603
+44 (0)203 598 9603