Trumenba is indicated for active immunisation of individuals 10 years and older to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B.

See section 5.1 for information on the immune response against specific serogroup B strains.

The use of this vaccine should be in accordance with official recommendations.

Posology

Primary series

2 doses: (0.5 ml each) administered at a 6 month interval (see section 5.1).

3 doses: 2 doses (0.5 ml each) administered at least 1 month apart, followed by a third dose at least 4 months after the second dose (see section 5.1).

Booster dose

A booster dose should be considered following either dosing regimen for individuals at continued risk of invasive meningococcal disease (see section 5.1).

Other paediatric populations

Safety and efficacy of Trumenba in children younger than 10 years of age have not been established. Currently available data for children 1 to 9 years of age are described in sections 4.8 and 5.1; however, no recommendation on a posology can be made as data are limited.

Method of administration

For intramuscular injection only. The preferred site for injection is the deltoid muscle of the upper arm.

For instructions on the handling of the vaccine before administration, see section 6.6.

There are no data available on the interchangeability of Trumenba with other meningococcal group B vaccines to complete the vaccination series.

Hypersensitivity to the active substances or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the tradename and batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.

Appropriate medical treatment and supervision should always be readily available in case of an anaphylactic event following the administration of the vaccine.

As with other injectable vaccines, syncope (fainting) can occur in association with administration of Trumenba. Procedures should be in place to avoid injury from fainting.

Vaccination should be postponed in individuals suffering from an acute severe febrile illness. However, the presence of a minor infection, such as cold, should not result in the deferral of vaccination.

Do not inject intravenously, intradermally, or subcutaneously.

Trumenba should not be given to individuals with thrombocytopenia or any coagulation disorder that would contraindicate intramuscular injection, unless the potential benefit clearly outweighs the risk of administration.

Persons with familial complement deficiencies (for example, C5 or C3 deficiencies) and persons receiving treatments that inhibit terminal complement activation (for example, eculizumab) are at increased risk for invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B, even if they develop antibodies following vaccination with Trumenba.

As with any vaccine, vaccination with Trumenba may not protect all vaccine recipients.

Limitations of clinical trials

There are no data on the use of Trumenba in immunocompromised individuals. Immunocompromised individuals, including individuals receiving immunosuppressant therapy, may have a diminished immune response to Trumenba.

There are limited data on the use of Trumenba in individuals 40 to 65 years of age and there are no data on the use of Trumenba in individuals older than 65 years of age.

This medicinal product contains less than 1 mmol sodium (23 mg) per dose. Individuals on low sodium diets can be informed that this medicinal product is essentially sodium-free.

Trumenba can be given concomitantly with any of the following vaccines: Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, Acellular Pertussis, and Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (TdaP-IPV), Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4), Meningococcal Serogroups A, C, W, Y conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) and Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Adsorbed (Tdap).

When given concomitantly with other vaccines Trumenba must be administered at a separate injection site.

Trumenba should not be mixed with other vaccines in the same syringe.

Pregnancy

There are no data from the use of Trumenba in pregnant women. The potential risk for pregnant women is unknown. Nevertheless, vaccination should not be withheld when there is a clear risk of exposure to meningococcal infection.

Reproduction studies performed in female rabbits have revealed no evidence of impaired female fertility or harm to the foetus due to Trumenba.

Breast-feeding

It is unknown whether Trumenba is excreted in human milk. Trumenba should only be used during breast-feeding when the possible advantages outweigh the potential risks.

Fertility

Animal studies do not indicate direct or indirect harmful effects with respect to fertility in females (see section 5.3).

Trumenba has not been evaluated for impairment of fertility in males.

Trumenba has no or negligible influence on the ability to drive and use machines. However, some of the effects mentioned under section 4.8 may temporarily affect the ability to drive or use machines.

Summary of the safety profile

The safety profile presented is based on analysis of approximately 17,000 subjects (1 year of age and older) who have been vaccinated with at least 1 dose of Trumenba in completed clinical studies.

In over 16,000 subjects ≥ 10 years of age studied, the most common adverse reactions were headache, diarrhoea, nausea, muscle pain, joint pain, fatigue, chills, and injection site pain, swelling and redness.

Adverse reactions following booster vaccination in 301 subjects 15 to 23 years of age were similar to adverse reactions during the primary Trumenba vaccination series approximately 4 years earlier.

List of adverse reactions

Adverse reactions reported in clinical studies of subjects 10 years of age and older are listed in decreasing order of frequency and seriousness.

Very common (≥ 1/10)

Common (≥ 1/100 to < 1/10)

Uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to < 1/100)

Rare (≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000)

Very rare (< 1/10,000)

Not known (cannot be estimated from available data)

* Reported in the postmarketing experience. Because this reaction was derived from spontaneous reports, the frequency could not be determined and is thus considered as not known.

In a study of 220 toddlers 1 to < 2 years of age, the following adverse reactions occurred at a frequency of very common (≥ 1/10): drowsiness, irritability (fussiness), loss of or decreased appetite, fever, and injection site pain, swelling and redness.

In a study of 294 children 2 to 9 years of age, the following adverse reactions occurred at a frequency of very common (≥ 1/10): headache, diarrhoea, vomiting, muscle pain, joint pain, fever, fatigue, and injection site pain, swelling and redness.

In clinical studies, fever (≥ 38° C) occurred more frequently as subject age decreased. Of subjects 1 to < 2 years of age, 37.3% reported fever; of subjects 2 to 9 years of age, 24.5% reported fever; of subjects 10 to 18 years of age, 9.8% reported fever; and of subjects 18 to 25 years of age, 4.4% reported fever. Fever followed a predictable pattern after vaccination: onset occurred within 2 to 4 days, lasted 1 day, and was mild to moderate in severity. Fever rate and severity tended to decrease with subsequent Trumenba vaccinations.

Adverse reactions following a booster vaccination in 147 subjects 3 to 5 years of age were similar to adverse reactions during the primary Trumenba vaccination series approximately 2 years earlier.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Experience of overdose is limited. In the event of overdose, monitoring of vital functions and possible symptomatic treatment is recommended.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: vaccines; ATC code: J07AH09

Mechanism of action

Trumenba is a vaccine composed of 2 recombinant lipidated factor H binding protein (fHbp) variants. fHbp is found on the surface of meningococcal bacteria and helps bacteria to avoid host immune defenses. fHbp variants segregate into 2 immunologically distinct subfamilies, A and B, and over 96% of meningococcal serogroup B isolates in Europe express fHbp variants from either subfamily on the bacterial surface.

Immunisation with Trumenba, which contains one fHbp variant each from subfamily A and B, is intended to stimulate the production of bactericidal antibodies that recognise fHbp expressed by meningococci. The Meningococcal Antigen Surface Expression (MEASURE) assay was developed to relate the level of fHbp surface expression to killing of meningococcal serogroup B strains in serum bactericidal assays with human complement (hSBAs). A survey of over 2,150 different invasive meningococcal serogroup B isolates collected from 2000-2014 in 7 European countries, the US and Canada demonstrated that over 91% of all meningococcal serogroup B isolates expressed sufficient levels of fHbp to be susceptible to bactericidal killing by vaccine-induced antibodies.

Clinical efficacy

The efficacy of Trumenba has not been evaluated through clinical trials. Vaccine efficacy has been inferred by demonstrating the induction of serum bactericidal antibody responses to 4 meningococcal serogroup B test strains (see the Immunogenicity section). The 4 test strains express fHbp variants representing the 2 subfamilies (A and B) and, when taken together, are representative of meningococcal serogroup B strains causing invasive disease.

Immunogenicity

Protection against invasive meningococcal disease is mediated by serum bactericidal antibodies to bacterial surface antigens. Bactericidal antibodies act in concert with human complement to kill meningococci. This process is measured in vitro with hSBA for meningococcal serogroup B. An hSBA titre of ≥ 1:4 is assumed to be protective against meningococcal disease. In the immunogenicity analysis for Trumenba, a more conservative hSBA titre threshold of ≥ 1:8 or 1:16 was applied, depending on the hSBA strain.

Vaccine coverage was investigated using four primary representative meningococcal serogroup B test strains: two expressing subfamily A fHbp (variants A22 and A56) and two expressing subfamily B fHbp (variants B24 and B44). To support and further extend the breadth of vaccine coverage, an additional 10 meningococcal serogroup B test strains were used; these included six expressing subfamily A fHbp (variants A06, A07, A12, A15, A19 and A29) and four expressing subfamily B fHbp (variants B03, B09, B15 and B16).

Immunogenicity in subjects 10 years of age and older

The immunogenicity of Trumenba described in this section includes results from Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical studies:

• Following the 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) in subjects 10 to 25 years of age in the US and Europe (Study B1971057);

• Following the 3-dose schedule (0, 2, and 6 months) in subjects 10 to 25 years of age globally (Studies B1971009 and B1971016); and

• Following the 2-dose (0 and 6 months) and 3-dose schedules (0, 1-2, and 6 months) in subjects 11 to 18 years of age in Europe (Study B1971012).

Study B1971057 is a Phase 3, randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, multicentre trial in which subjects 10 to 25 years of age received Trumenba at months 0 and 6 (coadministered with MenACWY-CRM for the first dose) or an investigational pentavalent meningococcal vaccine at months 0 and 6. A total of 1,057 subjects received Trumenba and 543 subjects received the investigational control. The hSBA titres for primary test strains are presented in Table 1. Table 2 presents the hSBA titres against the additional 10 test strains which support and extend the breadth of vaccine coverage demonstrated by the 4 representative primary strains.

Study B1971009 was a Phase 3, randomised, active-controlled, observer-blinded, multicentre trial in which subjects 10 to 18 years of age received 1 of 3 lots of Trumenba or the active control hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine/saline (control). A total of 2,693 subjects received at least 1 dose of Trumenba and 897 received at least 1 dose of HAV vaccine/saline. The study assessed the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, and demonstration of manufacturability of 3 lots of Trumenba administered on a 0-, 2-, and 6-month schedule. The hSBA titres for primary test strains observed after the third dose in lot 1 and the control are presented in Table 3. Results from lots 2 and 3 are not presented, as only 2 representative strains were evaluated. Similar results were observed for lots 2 and 3 as observed for lot 1.

Study B1971016 was a Phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded, multicentre trial in which subjects 18 to 25 years of age were assigned to receive either Trumenba at months 0, 2, and 6 or saline at months 0, 2, and 6 in a 3:1 ratio. A total of 2,471 subjects received Trumenba and 822 received saline. The hSBA titres for primary test strains observed after the third dose are presented in Table 3.

In Studies B1971009 and B1971016, the proportion of subjects achieving a hSBA titre ≥ 1:8 (variants A07, A15, A29, B03, B09, B15, B16) or 1:16 (variants A06, A12, A19) against the 10 additional test strains after 3 doses of Trumenba, administered on a 0-, 2-, and 6-month schedule, was determined. Across the two studies, the majority of subjects, ranging from 71.3% to 99.3% for the 6 subfamily A fHbp strains and 77.0% to 98.2% for the 4 subfamily B fHbp strains, achieved a hSBA titre ≥ 1:8 or 16, consistent with the results observed with the 4 primary test strains.

In Study B1971012, a Phase 2 study in subjects 11 to 18 years of age in Europe, hSBA titres following completion of two 3-dose schedules (0, 1, and 6 months and 0, 2, and 6 months) and a 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) were determined against the 4 primary test strains. At 1 month after the third dose, similar robust and broad immune responses were observed for both 3-dose schedules with 86.1% to 99.4% achieving hSBA titres ≥ 1:8 or 16 and 74.6% to 94.2% achieving a 4-fold increase in hSBA titre. At 1 month after completion of the 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months), 77.5% to 98.4% achieved hSBA titres ≥ 1:8 or 16 and 65.5% to 90.4% achieved a 4-fold increase in hSBA titre.

Study B1971033 was an open-label, follow-up study of subjects previously enrolled in a primary study, including Study B1971012. Subjects attended visits over 4 years for collection of blood samples and received a single booster dose of Trumenba approximately 4 years after receipt of a primary series of 2 or 3 doses of Trumenba. The hSBA titres 4 years after the primary series and 26 months after the booster dose for subjects enrolled from primary Study B1971012 Group 1 (0, 1, and 6 months), Group 2 (0, 2, and 6 months), and Group 3 (0 and 6 months) are presented in Table 4. A booster response was observed as measured by hSBA at 1 month following a dose of Trumenba approximately 4 years after a primary series of 2 doses (Group 3) or 3 doses (Groups 1 and 2).

Immunogenicity in individuals 1 to 9 years of age

The immunogenicity of Trumenba (0-, 2- and 6-month schedule) in toddlers and children 1 to 9 years of age was evaluated in 2 Phase 2 studies. At 1 month following series completion, 81.4% to 100% of subjects achieved a defined hSBA titre threshold against the 4 primary meningococcal test strains (defined as hSBA ≥ 1:16 for A22; ≥ 1:8 for A56, B24 and B44) compared to 0.4% to 6.5% at baseline.

Persistence data following primary series completion in toddlers 1 to < 2 years of age indicate that 12.4%, 59.1%, 10.3%, and 40.4% at 6 months and 3.7%, 22.8%, 3.7%, and 12.5% at 24 months after series completion maintained hSBA titres ≥ 1:8 or 1:16 against the primary test strains A22, A56, B24 and B44, respectively. An anamnestic response was observed when these children received a booster dose at approximately 24 months after primary series completion at 3 to 5 years of age, with 92.6% to 100.0% achieving hSBA titres ≥ 1:8 or 1:16 against the 4 primary strains.

In children 2 to 9 years of age, 6 months following series completion, 32.5%, 82.4%, 15.5% and 10.4% of participants maintained hSBA titres ≥ 1:8 or 1:16 against to the primary test strains A22, A56, B24 and B44, respectively. There are no persistence data beyond 6 months or booster dose data in this age group.

See section 4.2 for information on use in children 1 to 9 years of age.

The European Medicines Agency has deferred the obligation to submit the results of studies with Trumenba in one or more subsets of the paediatric population for prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroup B (see section 4.2 for information on paediatric use).

Not applicable.

Non-clinical data revealed no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of repeated dose toxicity and reproduction and developmental toxicity.

Sodium chloride

Histidine

Polysorbate 80 (E433)

Water for injections

For adsorbent, see section 2.

Do not mix Trumenba with other vaccines or medicinal products in the same syringe.

In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.

4 years.

Store in a refrigerator (2 ° C-8 ° C).

Syringes should be stored in the refrigerator horizontally to minimize the re-dispersion time.

Do not freeze.

0.5 ml suspension in a pre-filled syringe (Type I glass) with plastic Luer Lok adapter, chlorobutyl rubber plunger stopper, and a synthetic isoprene bromobutyl rubber tip cap with a plastic rigid tip cap cover with or without needle. The tip cap and rubber plunger of the pre-filled syringe are not made with natural rubber latex.

Pack sizes of 1, 5, and 10 pre-filled syringes, with or without needle.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

During storage, a white deposit and clear supernatant may be observed in the pre-filled syringe containing the suspension.

Before use, the pre-filled syringe should be shaken vigorously to ensure that a homogeneous white suspension is obtained.

Do not use the vaccine if it cannot be re-suspended.

The vaccine should be visually inspected for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. In the event of any foreign particulate matter and/or variation of physical aspect being observed, do not administer the vaccine.

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.